The Chicago Bungalow is a quintessential example of vernacular architecture unique to Chicago and its surrounding suburbs. Built predominantly between 1920 and 1930, over 100,000 homes were constructed during this decade of economic prosperity. Their defining characteristics include:
- Material: Brick construction with intricate masonry.
- Size: Typically one-and-a-half stories.
- Footprint: Long, narrow layouts designed for the city’s deep, narrow lots (35 feet wide).
- Design Elements: Decorative-cut stone lintels, complex brick patterns, and occasionally cast-concrete details.
Historical Context
The Chicago Bungalow emerged during a rare historical window:
- Post-War Prosperity: The roaring 1920s provided economic stability for middle-class families.
- Pre-Mass Production: Unlike post-WWII tract housing, skilled tradesmen crafted these homes on-site, ensuring quality craftsmanship and unique designs.
Prairie School Influence
The Chicago Bungalow owes much of its architectural DNA to the Prairie School, championed by figures like Frank Lloyd Wright. Key features include:
- Horizontal Lines: Emphasis on natural integration and low, vast structures.
- Natural Materials: Use of wood (oak, mahogany, walnut) and patterned brick.
- Functional Design: Efficient floor plans with minimal hallways and practical interiors.
Interior Design and Livability
Despite their modest size, Chicago Bungalows are celebrated for their livable and aesthetically pleasing interiors:
- Woodwork: High-quality joinery with natural wood mouldings.
- Glasswork: Extensive use of art glass, with custom patterns in entryways, attic windows, and living areas.
- Streamlined Spaces: Kitchens and bathrooms were tiled and unembellished, prioritizing cleanliness and functionality.
Decorative Elements
- Art Glass: Reflecting Chicago’s prominence in stained and leaded glass production, bungalows feature decorative panes that add character and customization.
- Outdoor Features: Brick pillars with cast concrete or stone planters for greenery and colour.
Resources for Enthusiasts
- Online: The Historic Chicago Bungalow Association’s website, chicagobungalow.org, offers resources such as restoration guides and featured rehab projects.
- Books: The Chicago Bungalow, published by the Chicago Bungalow Foundation, provides an in-depth exploration of these homes’ architectural and historical significance.
Final Thoughts
The Chicago Bungalow is a testament to an era of architectural craftsmanship and middle-class aspiration. Rooted in the Prairie School philosophy, these homes remain beloved for their timeless design, durability, and unique charm. They continue to grace the streets of Chicago neighbourhoods as enduring symbols of the city’s architectural heritage.
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