The Alabastron: A Dual-purpose Vessel of Ancient Greece

This entry sits within the Decorative and Applied Arts Encyclopedia, a master reference hub indexing design history, materials, movements, and practitioners.

Greek glass alabastron, probably made in Italy in 1st/2nd century BC, and now part of the Campana Collection of the Musée du Louvre.
Greek glass alabastron, probably made in Italy in 1st/2nd century BC, and now part of the Campana Collection of the Musée du Louvre.

The alabastron, also known as alabastrum, is a small, elongated vessel from ancient Greece, renowned for its refined design and practical purpose. Crafted to hold ointments, perfumes, or oils, it played a significant role in daily life and ritual practices, showcasing both functionality and artistic excellence.

Design and Features

The alabastron is characterized by its almost cylindrical shape, rounded base, and distinct absence of prominent handles. Occasionally, it features a single small handle, enhancing its elegance without compromising its practicality.

• Mouth Design: The vessel’s mouth is a flat disk with a small central aperture, allowing controlled dispensing of precious liquids.

• Size and Variety: Alabastra range in height from as small as 1 inch to as large as 15 inches, accommodating different uses and preferences.

Artistic Variations

Ancient artisans elevated the alabastron beyond mere utility by crafting some in the shape of figures or symbolic forms, adding aesthetic and cultural value. These designs reflect the Greeks’ mastery of pottery and their ability to imbue everyday objects with artistic significance.

Practical Use and Presentation

1. Personal Use: Many alabastra were designed to be suspended from the wrist by a string, making them convenient for personal use.

2. Display: Others were crafted to stand gracefully on metal tripods, emphasizing their decorative appeal.

The versatility in design reflects the vessel’s dual role as a functional object and a status symbol, often used in religious ceremonies or as offerings in tombs.

Cultural Context and Influence

The alabastron was a staple in ancient Greek households and rituals, embodying a blend of practicality and artistry. Its design influenced similar vessels in neighboring cultures, and its legacy endures in the study of Greek pottery and daily life.

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