Maharaja of Indore: European Art Influence and Manik Bagh Architecture

The Maharaja of Indore, Maharajadhiraja Raj Rajeshwar Sawai Shri Sir Yeshwant Rao II Holkar XIV Bahadur (1908 – 1961), is a remarkable figure in the history of modern Indian design. His legacy as an art patron and ruler of Indore, now in Madhya Pradesh, extends beyond his political influence, embodying a deep appreciation for contemporary European art and architecture. This article explores his life, modern design contributions, and the iconic palace, Manik Bagh.

Maharaja of Indore – Early Life and European Influence

Yeshwant Rao Holkar II was introduced to European art while studying at Oxford University. His time in Europe cultivated a profound appreciation for modernism, significantly shaping his aesthetic sensibilities. In 1929, he befriended Friedrich Eckart Muthesius, the son of Hermann Muthesius, a prominent figure in the Deutscher Werkbund. This friendship would later play a crucial role in the development of Manik Bagh.

Ascension and Vision for Modernity

In 1925, at 17, Yeshwant Rao II was invested as the Maharaja of Indore. His vision for his reign included the construction of a modern palace that would reflect his forward-thinking ideals and sophisticated taste. This vision materialized in Manik Bagh or the Garden of Rubies.

Architectural and Design Collaborations

Between 1929 and 1933, Muthesius, in collaboration with Klemens Weigel, designed the décor of Manik Bagh. The palace’s interiors were a testament to the Maharaja’s commitment to modernism, blending functionality with avant-garde aesthetics. The design included private apartments, a banquet hall, a ballroom, guest suites, and a music room.

Iconic Furniture and Décor

The furnishings of Manik Bagh were sourced from some of the most renowned designers of the time. Key pieces included:

• Friedrich Eckart Muthesius: Designed much of the furniture and lighting.
• Jacques-Émile Ruhlmann: Provided exquisite furniture pieces.
• Le Corbusier and His Team: Contributed to the modernist vision with their unique designs.
• Louis Sognot and Charlotte Alix: Added distinctive furniture items.
• Bruno Da Silva Bruhns: Designed the palace’s carpets.
• René Lalique: Created the palace’s stunning chandeliers.
• Jean Puiforcat: Crafted the silverware.

Notably, Eileen Gray furnished two Transat chairs and the dramatic Satellite chandelier, enhancing the palace’s modernist appeal. One of Gray’s chairs famously sat beside the Maharaja’s metal and mirrored bed by Sognot.

Transportation of Materials

Three ships laden with furniture, steel doors, and marble sailed from Hamburg to Indore, reflecting the scale and ambition of the Maharaja’s project. The successful transportation and installation of these materials underscored the global nature of the undertaking.

Maharaja of Indore – Legacy and Modern-Day Relevance

In the 1970s, the Maharaja’s heirs attempted to commission Eileen Gray to design additional furniture for the palace’s pool area, though this effort was unsuccessful. Today, Manik Bagh serves as the Ministry of Finance headquarters in Indore. The palace’s contents were sold in 1980, but its legacy as a beacon of modern design endures.

Conclusion

The Maharaja of Indore’s passion for modern design left an indelible mark on Indian architecture and interior design. His commitment to integrating contemporary European influences with traditional Indian elements created a unique and enduring aesthetic. Manik Bagh stands as a testament to his visionary approach, blending luxury with modernism in a way that continues to inspire designers and architects worldwide.

Sources

Byars, M., & Riley, T. (2004). The design encyclopedia. Laurence King Publishing. https://amzn.to/3ElmSlL