Olivetti Lexikon, Poster 1953
Olivetti Lexikon, Poster 1953

Olivetti is an Italian office machinery and furniture firm, located in Ivrea, Northern Italy.

For a large part of its history, Olivetti has followed the highest aesthetic standards in its business activities: architecture, interiors, advertising, graphics, corporate branding, as well as its manufactured products—office and computer equipment and office furniture. It has also played a leading role in funding major exhibits, has been the subject of an exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, and has established an enlightened corporate social welfare programme. 

Beginnings

The Olivetti office machinery company was founded in 1908 by Camillo Olivetti, who designed its first typewriter, the M1, produced by assembly-line methods. Early on, its works were housed in fortress-like brick factory buildings. Olivetti commissioned Luigi Figini and Gino Pollini to design a complex including factory, workers’ housing, and hospital. The accommodation was completed in 1939 and the factory in 1940. In 1940-41, its nursery school was replaced with a new building by Figini and Pollini. From 1938, Olivetti’s son Adriano was president of the firm and initiated the policy of using consultant designers. 

The interior of the town nursery, Olivetti
The interior of the town nursery, Olivetti

Notable Designers

Among the first wave of influential artists to work on the innovative face of Olivetti was the Swiss-born Bauhaus graduate Alexander (‘Xanti’) Schawinsky, who worked on the graphic and product design of Olivetti from 1933 to 1936. He was joined by Marcello Nizzoli, a graphic designer and exhibition designer. He became the company’s chief design consultant in 1936, the same year that artist and graphic designer Giovanni Pintori joined the company. Both Nizzoli and Pintori focused on architectural, product and advertisement design, which was also one in which the graphic design company Studio Boggeri played a significant role.

Early Products

Products of this time included the 1935 Studio 42 typewriter by Schawinsky, Figini, and Pollini, and the 1940 MC 4S Summa calculator by Marcello Nizzoli. The rounded, sculptural appearance of Nizzoli’s Lexicon 80 typewriter from 1948 was very much in keeping with the widespread contemporary interest in an organic form that could be seen in other well-known Italian designs such as Pininfarina’s Cisitalia Berlinetta from 1946 or Gio Ponti’s La Pavoni coffee machine from 1949. Several typewriters followed, including the Praxis 48 typewriter of 1964 (with Hans von Klier) and the bright red Valentine portable of 1969 (with Perry King, see King-Miranda Associati). 

Olivetti Lexicon typewriter
Olivetti Lexicon typewriter
Olivetti Summa 15 desk top calculator designed by Marcello Nizzoli
Olivetti Summa 15 desk top calculator designed by Marcello Nizzoli

Mario Bellini, another leading figure in Italian design, created many designs for Olivetti from the 1960s to the 1980s, including the striking orange Divisumma 18 calculator from 1972 with soft keyboard and the Praxis 35 typewriter from 1980. 

Radical designer Michele de Lucchi, who was named design consultant to Olivetti in 1979, became head of the design department in 1992, focusing on the design of electronic devices and computers, such as the 1993 Filos 33 notebook and the 1995 Echos 20 laptop. 

Office Furniture

Olivetti was also noted for its design of office furniture, prominent examples of which included the Arcos office furniture system developed by BBPR in 1960, the groundbreaking Synthesis 45 system of the 1970s by Ettore Sottsass and the Ephesos system of 1992 by Antonio Citterio. Olivetti followed its commitment to a cohesive and design-rich culture by ordering leading companies and designers to shape its interior through the commissioning of buildings by prominent designers. For example, the BBPR design studio designed the company’s offices in New York in 1954, the Olivetti showroom in Venice in 1957, and the Paris offices in Gae Aulenti in the next decade.

Valentine Portable Typewriter, 1969 Ettore Sottsass Jr., Designer Perry King, Collaborator
Valentine Portable Typewriter, 1969 Ettore Sottsass Jr., Designer Perry King, Collaborator

Recognition

In 1974, the American Institute of Architects recognised the effectiveness of the company’s corporate identity strategy. Olivetti was awarded the Industrial Arts Medal ‘for the history of excellence in the communication of its image by product design, corporate relations, architecturally distinguished manufacturing and merchandising facilities and the funding of various social, educational, leisure and cultural initiatives for its employees and the general public.’

Source

Byars, M., & Riley, T. (2004). The design encyclopedia. Laurence King Publishing.

Oxford University Press. (2004). A Dictionary of Modern Design (1st ed.).

Interested in ‘Design History’ Read More

  • Ric Gath: The Reluctant Revolutionary of Surf Safety

    Ric Gath: The Reluctant Revolutionary of Surf Safety

    Ric Gath, an Australian surfer-inventor, created the first surf-specific helmet in 1989, redefining surf safety and leaving a lasting legacy in protective design, despite industry resistance.Read More →

  • The Allure of Agate: History and Modern Uses

    The Allure of Agate: History and Modern Uses

    The agate cup in the V&A Museum illustrates the stone’s historical significance in art. Valued for beauty and versatility, agate inspires modern and traditional designs alike.Read More →

  • International Exhibitions of the Victorian Period: Tastemakers of the 19th Century

    International Exhibitions of the Victorian Period: Tastemakers of the 19th Century

    Victorian exhibitions showcased industrial and artistic achievements, influencing global design trends, public taste, and cultural values, while paving the way for future world fairs and museums.Read More →

  • Exploring Italian Gothic Design: Art and Architecture

    Exploring Italian Gothic Design: Art and Architecture

    Italian Gothic architecture, flourishing from the 12th to 16th centuries, blends Northern influences with classical heritage, showcasing elaborate façades, functional furniture, and intricate decorative arts.Read More →

  • The Hoosier Kitchen Cabinet: Revolutionizing the American Kitchen

    The Hoosier Kitchen Cabinet: Revolutionizing the American Kitchen

    The Hoosier Kitchen Cabinet revolutionized early 20th-century kitchen efficiency, empowering homemakers and becoming a beloved vintage design icon.Read More →

  • Acella Curtains: A Mid-Century Modern Statement in Textile Design

    Acella Curtains: A Mid-Century Modern Statement in Textile Design

    The 1961 advertisement for Acella curtains highlighted their synthetic material, bold geometric patterns, and vibrant colors, embodying mid-century modern design for contemporary interiors.Read More →

  • Exploring Lampblack in Decorative Arts

    Exploring Lampblack in Decorative Arts

    Lampblack powder, derived from soot, is a versatile black pigment widely used in inks, paints, calligraphy, and various decorative arts throughout history.Read More →

  • The Legacy of Aladdin Kerosene Lamps: Innovation and Collectibility

    The Legacy of Aladdin Kerosene Lamps: Innovation and Collectibility

    Aladdin lamps, innovated by Victor Johnson, revolutionized kerosene lighting with superior brightness and efficiency, becoming collectable treasures noted for their vibrant glass designs and historical significance.Read More →

  • The Tarot: A Pictorial Journey in the Applied and Decorative Arts

    The Tarot: A Pictorial Journey in the Applied and Decorative Arts

    The Tarot, a historical artistic and divinatory tool, blends pictorial design, symbolism, and craftsmanship, evolving through centuries while inspiring contemporary artistic expressions and storytelling.Read More →

  • The Wasmuth Edition: Frank Lloyd Wright’s Architectural Magnum Opus

    The Wasmuth Edition: Frank Lloyd Wright’s Architectural Magnum Opus

    The Wasmuth Portfolio, published in 1910, introduced Frank Lloyd Wright’s influential designs to Europe, significantly impacting modernist architecture and inspiring future architects.Read More →

  • Elegant Living with ILSE Furniture – The Essence of 1960s Modernism

    Elegant Living with ILSE Furniture – The Essence of 1960s Modernism

    ILSE Möbel, a notable 1960s German furniture manufacturer, combined quality craftsmanship and modernist design, creating iconic coffee tables and versatile pieces that remain timeless and influential.Read More →

  • Pye Model CS17: A Mid-Century Masterpiece by Robin Day

    Pye Model CS17: A Mid-Century Masterpiece by Robin Day

    The Pye Model CS17, designed by Robin Day in 1956, showcased modern aesthetics and functionality, influencing mid-century design and becoming a celebrated classic in British electronics.Read More →

  • The Fagus-Werk Sofa by Walter Gropius: A Bauhaus Masterpiece

    The Fagus-Werk Sofa by Walter Gropius: A Bauhaus Masterpiece

    The Fagus-Werk Sofa, designed by Walter Gropius in 1911, embodies Bauhaus principles through its minimalist design, functional form, and lasting impact on modern furniture aesthetics.Read More →

  • 56 Ecclesiastical Art and Vestments Terms and Definitions

    56 Ecclesiastical Art and Vestments Terms and Definitions

    The content outlines various ecclesiastical vestments, sacred vessels, and art used in Christian traditions, detailing their functions and significance in religious ceremonies.Read More →

  • Electroplate and Electroplating: A Revolutionary Manufacturing Process

    Electroplate and Electroplating: A Revolutionary Manufacturing Process

    The evolution of electroplating by Elkington & Co. transformed affordable luxury in 19th-century home goods, enhancing craftsmanship and accessibility while influencing decorative arts production.Read More →

  • Exploring the Legacy of Arthur Heygate Mackmurdo in Design

    Exploring the Legacy of Arthur Heygate Mackmurdo in Design

    Arthur Heygate Mackmurdo (1851–1942) was an influential English architect and designer, pivotal in the Arts and Crafts Movement, shaping modern design and Art Nouveau through innovative craftsmanship.Read More →

  • Eurodomus 4: Design Trends of the 1970s

    Eurodomus 4: Design Trends of the 1970s

    The Gufram booth at Eurodomus 1972 featured Studio 65’s radical designs, including the Bocca sofa, Cactus coatrack, and Attica series, blending pop art with functionality.Read More →

  • Exploring Janus: Symbolism in Architecture and Design

    Exploring Janus: Symbolism in Architecture and Design

    Janus, the Roman god of gates, doorways, transitions, and time, embodies the dual nature of beginnings and endings. His distinctive double-faced representation allowed him toRead More →

  • The Journal of Decorative Art (1881–1937): A Chronicle of Design and Craftsmanship

    The Journal of Decorative Art (1881–1937): A Chronicle of Design and Craftsmanship

    The Journal of Decorative Art, published from 1881 to 1949, was crucial for decorators, showcasing evolving design movements and techniques, influencing craftsmanship and modern design standards.Read More →

  • The Decorative Folding Screen: A Fusion of Art and Function in Interior Design

    The Decorative Folding Screen: A Fusion of Art and Function in Interior Design

    Folding screens, originating from ancient China, blend aesthetics and functionality in interior design, evolving into versatile room dividers and artistic statement pieces across cultures.Read More →


Discover more from Encyclopedia of Design

Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.