Necker Cube and the Problem of Perception

In: Art and Design, Decorative & Applied Arts, Decorative Arts Dictionary, Design History
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A glowing, semi-transparent cube floating against a deep blue background, representing an optical illusion similar to a Necker Cube.
This luminous cube illustrates the concept of the Necker Cube, an optical illusion where the perspective of a 3D shape shifts based on the viewer’s focus. Photo by Rostislav Uzunov on Pexels.com

The Necker cube illustrates how the eye can reach two conclusions. Each of the two squares in the Necker cube can be perceived as the cube’s front or rear surface.

Observing the Cube’s Orientation

Try to make the cube switch back and forth between these two orientations. Now, try to hold one orientation. Most people cannot maintain the whole cube in consciousness for longer than three seconds; it seems to flip from one orientation to another. 

The Brain’s Hypotheses

The cube appears to flip between orientations because the brain develops two equally plausible hypotheses. It cannot decide between them. When attempting to hold one orientation of a cube in consciousness, it is common for most people to struggle. They cannot maintain focus for more than three seconds. This is because the brain is presented with two equally plausible hypotheses and cannot decide between them. As a result, the cube appears to flip between orientations.

Improving Focus with Practice with the Necker Cube

However, with practice and training, it is possible to improve one’s ability to maintain focus on a single orientation. This focus can be extended for longer periods. This can be achieved through various techniques, such as visualization exercises and meditation practices. These techniques help strengthen the brain’s ability to concentrate on a specific task or object.

Enhancing Cognitive Abilities

By consistently practising these techniques, individuals can improve their cognitive abilities and overall mental acuity. This allows them better to handle complex tasks and situations in their daily lives. 

A black-and-white line drawing of a Necker Cube, an optical illusion that shifts perspectives based on the viewer's focus.
The Necker Cube is a famous optical illusion in which a simple wireframe cube appears to flip between two different perspectives, demonstrating the brain’s role in visual interpretation.

Reading List

Aesthetic Illusion: Theoretical and Historical Approaches. (1990). Germany: W. de Gruyter.

Gorini, C. A. (2023). Geometry for the Artist. (n.p.): CRC Press. https://amzn.to/3yul6Ap

Thagard, P. (2005). Mind: Introduction to Cognitive Science. India: A Bradford Book. https://amzn.to/4bvjipt

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